The Founder of the Electricity: Rishi Agastya
The Founder of the Electricity: Rishi Agastya
Friends, he even did many successful experiments in the field of electricity generation and he devoted his entire life to giving a good and better future to the entire mankind. Friends, all of you must have heard the name of Agastya Rishi.
❖ Agastya Muni: Hindu Sage
Agastya Muni is a revered Indian sage of Hinduism. He is considered to be one of the Saptarishis, the seven great sages of the Vedic tradition. He is also the author of several hymns in the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas.
Agastya is said to have been born to the gods Mitra and Varuna, or to the sage Pulastya and his wife Havirbhū. He married the nymph Lopamudra, with whom he had a son, Drdhasyu.
Agastya is a master of many siddhis, or supernatural powers. He is also a skilled physician and an expert in the Vedas and other sacred texts.
Agastya Muni is revered as one of the Tamil Siddhar in the Shaivism tradition. He is said to have been a direct disciple of Adiyogi Shiva, and is credited with many accomplishments, including:
● Authoring hymns 1.165 to 1.191 in the Sanskrit text Rigveda and other Vedic literature.
● Travelling to the south of India, where he is said to have tamed the river Cauvery and with founding the city of kanchipuram.
● Writing the Agastya Samhita, a treatise on astronomy, astrology, and mathematics.
● Founding the Agastya School of Medicine, which is considered to be the precursor to Siddha medicine.
● Inventing an early grammar of the Old Tamil language, Agattiyam.
Agastya Muni is a powerful and revered figure in Hindu mythology. He is a symbol of wisdom, knowledge, and power. His stories are still told today, and he continues to be an inspiration to people all over the world.
❖ Electricity in Agastya Samhita?
The Agastya Samhita describes electricity in the following shloka (verse):
संस्थाप्य मृण्मये पात्रे ताम्रपत्रं सुसंस्कृतम्। छादयेच्छिखिग्रीवेन चार्दाभिः काष्ठापांसुभिः ॥ दस्तालोष्टो निधात्वय: पारदाच्छादितस्ततः । संयोगाज्जायते तेजो मित्रावरुणसंज्ञितम् ॥
This shloka can be translated as follows:
"Place a well-cleaned copper plate in an earthenware vessel. Cover it first by copper sulfate and then by moist sawdust. After that, put a mercury- amalgamated zinc sheet on top of the sawdust. The contact will produce an energy known by the twin name of Mitra-Varuna."
The shloka describes the construction of an electric cell, which is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The cell described in the shloka uses copper, copper sulfate, zinc, and sawdust as its components. When these components are placed together, they create an electrical current.
The shloka also mentions the names of the two gods associated with electricity in Hinduism. These gods are Mitra and Varuna. Mitra is the god of light and friendship, while Varuna is the god of the waters. The association of electricity with these two gods suggests that the ancient Hindus believed that electricity was a force of nature that was closely connected to light and water.
The shloka from the Agastya Samhita is a significant piece of evidence that the ancient Hindus had knowledge of electricity. It is possible that the Hindus were using electric cells for various purposes, such as electroplating or lighting, long before the invention of the modern battery.
The Agastya Samhita is an ancient Indian text that is said to have been written by the sage Agastya. The Agastya Samhita is a section of the Skanda Purana that was probably written in the late medieval era, but before the 12th century. It is a vast and comprehensive text that covers a wide range of topics, including astronomy, astrology, medicine, and technology.
❖ Ancient Text and Electricity Knowledge
The Agastya Samhita does not have a specific chapter or shloka that describes electricity. However, there are a few passages in the text that suggest that the ancient Indians had some knowledge of electricity.
For example, in one passage, the text describes a method for making an electric battery.
The passage say :
Verse :
"ताम्रपट्टिकां गृहीत्वा ताम्रसल्फेटविलयनेन सिक्तेन वस्त्रखण्डेन आच्छादयन्तु।
पटस्य उपरि लोहखण्डं स्थापयन्तु।
यदा धातुद्वयं संयोजितं भवति तदा विद्युत्प्रवाहः प्रवहति।"
Translation :
This passage describes the basic principles of an electric battery, which is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The copper plate and the iron piece are the electrodes of the battery, and the copper sulfate solution is the electrolyte. When the two electrodes are connected, a chemical reaction occurs in the electrolyte, which produces an electric current.
In another passage, the Agastya Samhita describes a method for splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen using electricity. The passage says:
Verse :
"जलद्वारा विद्युत्प्रवाहं गच्छन्तु। जलं प्राणवायुः जलवायुवायुः च इति विभज्यते।"
Translation :
This passage describes the basic principles of electrolysis, which is a process that uses electricity to split a compound into its constituent elements. In this case, the compound is water, and the constituent elements are oxygen and hydrogen gas.
Verse :
जलभगोस्ती प्रणोदनेशू वायूषू | एवं शतना कुंभना संयोगहा कार्यक्टसमृताहा ||
Translation:
If we use the power of 100 earthen pots on water, then water will change its form into life-giving oxygen and floating hydrogen.
The passages in the Agastya Samhita that describe electricity are brief and somewhat vague. However, they suggest that the ancient Indians had some knowledge of this science. It is possible that they used electricity for various purposes, such as making batteries, splitting water, and electroplating.
❖ Ancient Vedic Electricity Concepts
The Vedic Rishis, including Agastya, have mentioned about 6 types of electricity in the Atharvaveda. These are:
1. Tadit (तादित): This is the electricity produced by friction from leather or silk. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda (11.6.17).
2. Saudamini (सौदामिनी): This is the electricity produced by friction from gems or glass. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda (11.6.18).
3. Vidyut (विद्युत): This is the electricity produced from clouds or steam. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda (11.6.19).
4. Shatakoti (शतकोटि): This is the electricity produced from a battery of hundreds of cells. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda (11.6.20).
5. Hradini (ह्यदिनी): This is the electricity obtained from storage cells. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda (11.6.21).
6. Ashani (अशनी): This is the electricity emanating from a magnetic rod. It is mentioned in the Atharvaveda (11.6.22).
The Atharvaveda is one of the four Vedas, and is considered to be a sacred text in Hinduism. It is a collection of hymns and spells, and is believed to have been written by the Rishis, or seers. The Atharvaveda mentions many scientific concepts, including electricity.
The descriptions of the 6 types of electricity in the Atharvaveda are very brief, and it is not clear how the Rishis were able to observe and understand these phenomena. However, their descriptions are remarkably accurate, and they are consistent with our modern understanding of electricity.
The descriptions of electricity in the Atharvaveda suggest that the Rishis had a deep understanding of this phenomenon. Their insights are still relevant today, and they can help us to better understand the nature of electricity.
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❖ Daniell Cell Invitation
The Daniell cell is a type of electrochemical cell invented in 1836 by John Frederic Daniell, a British chemist and meteorologist. It is a type of galvanic cell, which means that it converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
The Daniell cell consists of two half-cells, each of which contains an electrode made of a different metal and is immersed in a solution of a salt of that metal. The half- cells are connected by a salt bridge, which allows ions to flow between the two solutions but prevents the solutions from mixing.
The anode of the Daniell cell is made of zinc and is immersed in a solution of zinc sulfate. The cathode is made of copper and is immersed in a solution of copper sulfate.
When the Daniell cell is connected to a circuit, a chemical reaction takes place in which zinc metal is oxidized to zinc ions, and copper ions are reduced to copper metal. The electrons released by the oxidation of zinc flow through the circuit to the cathode, where they are used to reduce copper ions.
● The overall reaction of the Daniell cell is:
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ➡ Zn2+(aq)
This reaction releases 1.1 volts of electrical energy.
The Daniell cell is a primary cell, which means that it cannot be recharged. However, it is a relatively inexpensive and reliable cell, and it was once widely used in batteries and other devices. Today, it is more commonly used in educational settings to demonstrate the principles of electrochemical cells.
● Here is a diagram of a Daniell cell:
The anode is on the left and the cathode is on the right. The salt bridge is the vertical tube in the middle.
The Daniell cell is a classic example of a galvanic cell, which is a type of electrochemical cell that produces electricity from spontaneous chemical reactions. Other examples of galvanic cells include the Voltaic cell and the Leclanché cell.
❖ Swadeshi Vigyan Sanshodhan Sanstha
( Ancient Battery and Electricity)
Agastya's experiment was successfully exhibited on August 7 in the year 1990, during the fourth general meeting of Swadeshi Vigyan Sanshodhan Sanstha in Nagpur, amidst all the scholars. When a cell was created according to this technique, it was observed to produce 1.4V of electricity and short circuit current as 23 mA. Some researchers claim that the electric battery was used in Vedic era to create medical ozone from electrolysis of water charged with fresh tulsi or basil leaves.
❖ Conclusion:
Rishi Agastya exploration into electricity represents a remarkable journey bringing ancient wisdom with contemporary scientific curiosity. By delving into the mysteries of natural forces, Agastya exemplifies the interconnectedness of tradition and innovation. His pioneering contribution to understanding electricity not only showcase the depth of the past and present in the quest for scientific enlightenment.
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